Reviewed by Dr. Fiona Lee
Every dog likes a good scratch—but then, who doesn't? However, excessive scratching, licking or even biting areas of the skin may mean something is wrong with your dog's health.
A dog's skin and coat are crucial for their overall wellness. They function as part of the canine immune system, regulate body temperature, maintain hydration and protect internal organs from external stressors.
Having a regular grooming regimen allows you to monitor the condition of your dog's skin and fur and quickly detect potential issues before they become problematic. The health of a dog's skin and coat is ultimately the owner's responsibility—and one of the top medical issues for dogs—so it's important to recognize common signs of skin disease and learn how to take action if problems arise.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Dog Skin Problems
Dogs communicate with us through their behaviors. If you notice your dog repeatedly scratching, licking or biting their skin, look for possible sources of discomfort. Signs of irritation like redness, inflammation, loss of fur, rashes, bumps or patches of scaly and flaky skin could turn into sores if your dog fixates on the area.1
Common causes of skin irritation for dogs are allergies, parasites (flea and other insect bites or stings) and a wide range of skin conditions from mild to severe.2 Scabbing or foul odors are signs of more serious conditions that require the attention of your veterinarian.
Common Dog Skin Problems and Treatments
| Condition | Common Signs and Symptoms | Common Causes |
|---|---|---|
| Food Allergies | Itchy skin, areas of dry skin, or unusually intense itching, licking, and scratching. | Chicken, beef, dairy. |
| Environmental Allergies | The same as food allergies—itchy skin, areas of dry skin, or unusually intense itching, licking, and scratching. | Pollen, dust, feathers, grass, animal dander, and flea saliva. |
| Hot Spots (Acute Moist Dermatitis) | Localized sores that are red, swollen, and may ooze pus, quickly progressing to scabbing and hair loss. | Underlying allergies or parasites combined with your dog's excessive scratching, biting, and licking. |
| Flea Allergy Dermatitis | Severe itching and discomfort, red spots, hot spots, and hair loss. | An allergy caused by antigens in fleas' salivary glands as they feed on a host animal. |
| Mange | Hair loss (like patches on the face), redness, scabs, and crusty skin with intense itching. | Microscopic mites (Demodex, Sarcoptes, or ear mites) in the hair follicles, oil glands, or ear canal. |
| Yeast Infections | Obvious itchiness, red skin, greasy texture, distinct odor, or pink staining around the hair on the paws. | An overgrowth of yeast on the skin, thriving in moist areas around the ears, paws, and skin folds. |
| Bacterial Infections (Pyoderma) | Red, inflamed, crusty skin with pus and a foul odor. | Normal skin bacteria getting into the inner layers of the body when a dog scratches and traumatizes the skin's surface. |
| Ringworm | Circular bald patches with red and crusty skin, often accompanied by itchiness. | A contagious fungal infection that affects the skin, fur, and nails. |
| Dry Skin | Flaky or scaly skin, and excessive itching or discomfort. | Poor diet lacking high-quality proteins/fats, allergies, or other environmental factors like parasites or infections. |
| Autoimmune Skin Disease | Sores, blisters, lesions and wounds that do not heal normally. | An autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks healthy skin. |
1. Food allergies
Like people, dogs can have food and environmental allergies. Looking at dietary allergies first, common ingredients that cause canine food allergies include chicken, beef and dairy; these allergies can manifest as itchy skin. If untreated, these allergic reactions may result in atopic dermatitis, which can lead to unusually intense itching, licking and scratching.3
Treatment options include a visit to your veterinarian, who can conduct allergy tests to identify triggers and recommend dietary changes.
2. Environmental allergies
Environmental allergies to pollen, dust, feathers, grass, other animal dander and flea saliva can cause irritation and areas of dry skin. Like food allergies, this itchy skin can lead to atopic dermatitis.
Allergy tests will help identify what’s causing your dog’s reaction. Your vet will also be able to recommend medications (antihistamines, corticosteroids or immunotherapy) as well as special shampoos or other topical treatments.3
3. Hot spots (acute moist dermatitis)
Hot spots, or acute moist dermatitis, are localized areas of skin inflammation and bacterial infections. They can result from underlying allergies or parasites and your dog's excessive scratching, biting and licking.4
Hot spot sores are often red and swollen and may ooze pus. They often quickly progress to scabbing and hair loss. Treatment typically involves cleaning, topical medications to reduce inflammation and oral antibiotics or other anti-inflammatory drugs.4
In many cases, an Elizabethan collar (better known as the “cone of shame") is the best way to prevent your dog from touching the affected area. No dog likes wearing a cone, but most get used to it in a few hours—and they must leave the area alone to facilitate healing.5
4. Flea allergy dermatitis
A hypersensitivity to fleas known as flea allergy dermatitis is an allergy caused by antigens in fleas' salivary glands as they feed on a host animal. Look for severe itching and discomfort, with symptoms like red spots or hot spots and hair loss, particularly near the hind quarters—the lower back, tailhead and inner thighs.6
Talk to your veterinarian about the best options for your dog, which could include oral or topical parasiticides, antibiotics to clear up any secondary infection, antihistamines or corticosteroids to reduce itching, and shampoos designed to remove fleas.7
To rid your dog's life of fleas, you must also rid them from your dog's environment, including your home. This may involve washing all dog beds and carpets, doing yard treatments or hiring an exterminator.7
5. Mange
Mange is a skin condition that can affect any dog, not just strays. Caused by microscopic mites, there are a few common types:8
- Demodectic mange: Caused by Demodex canis mites in the dog's hair follicles and the oil glands of its skin, this noncontagious condition causes minor itching and typically affects puppies as well as immunologically challenged or sick dogs.
- Sarcoptic mange: Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var canis, this is an extremely itchy condition known as scabies, which is highly contagious to other animals and people.
- Otodectic mange: This refers to contagious ear mites (Otodectes cynotis) that are often found deep in the ear canal but sometimes on the body.
Untreated, mange can result in hair loss (like patches on the face), redness, scabs and crusty skin with intense itching that can worsen the symptoms. A localized form may resolve itself spontaneously, but topical and oral medications like parasiticides and antibiotics may be required.8
6. Yeast infections
Another potential cause of a dog's excessive licking is a yeast infection. This overgrowth of yeast on the skin is common around your dog's ears, paws and other moist areas. Besides the obvious itchiness and red skin, symptoms may include a greasy texture, distinct odor or pink staining around the hair on the paws.9
Treatment for yeast infections includes special shampoos or wipes, topical antifungal creams and, for advanced cases, oral antifungal medications. If your dog loves to swim, it's important to thoroughly dry their ears after swimming—and bathing, too—because yeast thrives in moist environments.9
7. Bacterial infections (pyoderma)
One condition to look out for is pyoderma, a bacterial infection of the skin often secondary to other skin issues. If your dog has another skin condition that causes itchy skin, scratching could result in prolonged discomfort for longer due to this infection. Pyoderma occurs when the normal bacteria on your dog's skin gets into her body. This happens most commonly when dogs scratch and itch themselves so much they traumatize the surface of the skin, allowing bacteria to reach the inner layers. Red, inflamed, crusty skin with pus and a foul odor are dead giveaways and must be treated immediately.10
Like other conditions, pyoderma is best treated with antibiotics and regular cleanings with medicated shampoos. Ointments, Epsom salt soaks or antiseptic washes may also help prevent recurrence.10
8. Ringworm
Ringworm isn't actually a worm but a fungal infection that affects the skin, fur and nails. It results in circular bald patches with red and crusty skin and is often accompanied by itchiness. Ringworm is also contagious to people.11
Your veterinarian may prescribe antifungal creams, ointments or shampoos and may also recommend an oral medication for severe symptoms. Ringworm is an easily treatable condition with medication, but to prevent a relapse, you'll need to deep clean the items your dog comes into contact with regularly, such as bedding, rugs and hairbrushes. Without proper cleaning, the risk of reinfection can last for months.11
9. Dry skin
Dry skin can result from poor diet, allergies or other environmental factors like parasites or infections, while some skin conditions are specific to certain breeds.3 Common symptoms like flaky or scaly skin (dandruff) and excessive itching or discomfort are signs that your dog may need a dietary change to include high-quality proteins and fats or a supplement with omega-3 fatty acids to support better skin health. Moisturizing shampoos are also available for dogs.12
10. Autoimmune Skin Disease
Some conditions can lead to the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy skin, which can lead to painful, itchy sores and blisters. These conditions are rare but they can be serious. Dogs who have had repeated incidents of atopic dermatitis may be more at risk of developing these conditions. Treatment can include steroids, sometimes in combination with immunosuppressant medications.13
Preventing Skin Issues in Dogs
The prevention of skin issues in dogs requires an attentive owner who looks for unusual behavior but also regularly grooms with baths and brushing and uses flea and tick prevention. If your dog has had problems with fleas or other parasites, a preventive medication may be needed. A balanced diet and regular veterinarian visits are a good way to keep skin health in check.12
When to See a Vet for Your Dog's Skin Issues
While being a little itchy isn’t necessarily a big problem, there are some warning signs to look out for that will let you know that your dog needs veterinary care:
- Your dog’s itching is persistent or severe and they are uncomfortable
- You’ve noticed skin changes, such as redness, swelling, crusty skin, or scabs and scaly patches
- Your dog is experiencing hair loss
- You’ve noticed an odor
- Your dog seems unwell, lethargic or has a low appetite
Take your pet to the vet as soon as you notice any of these symptoms so they can identify the cause as soon as possible, helping to prevent the condition from worsening—as well as helping speed up your dog’s recovery.
How Are Dog Skin Conditions Diagnosed?
Depending on the type of skin problem your dog has, your vet will use a variety of methods to help identify the cause of their itchy skin. Once they’ve made a diagnosis, they can put together an effective treatment plan to help your dog feel better as soon as possible.
Diagnostic tests might include collecting a small sample that your vet can examine under a microscope, through skin scraping or using a swab. Blood tests can help identify underlying diseases, and your vet may also check for fungal cultures if they suspect ringworm could be the cause. Your vet might recommend an elimination diet to help find out whether your dog has a food allergy, and identify the specific dietary triggers.
Curable vs. Incurable Dog Skin Problems
Your dog's skin and coat are important to your dog's health, so stay on top of all curable conditions as listed above. Incurable conditions, such as immune disorders and allergies, are treatable but regular veterinary treatment is often required. A serious autoimmune condition like lupus, although rare, can be fatal if left untreated, as the dog's immune system will attack its own tissues.13
Pets Best Is Here To Help
The best outcomes for your dog's skin health start with early detection, so be vigilant about your dog's skin and coat care. The sooner you can get treatment for your dog's skin conditions, the better, so be sure to visit your veterinarian for an expert diagnosis.
Purchasing pet insurance may help you protect your dog from common skin problems. At Pets Best, our dog insurance plans can be customized for your pet's unique needs. In addition, Pets Best policyholders can speak to a veterinary expert anytime through a 24/7 Pet Helpline.
FAQs
Can dog skin conditions be contagious?
Whether your dog’s skin condition can be passed on to other dogs in the household or at the dog park depends on the cause behind it. Fleas, ringworm and mange are all contagious—one more reason to identify the reason behind your dog’s itchy skin and get it treated as soon as possible.
What are common signs of allergies in dogs?
Both food allergies and environmental allergies (caused by substances including pollen, dust, mold or feathers) can cause itchy skin in dogs. You might see your dog scratching more often, and notice patches of red, painful looking skin that they have been licking or scratching.
Sources/ Citations
1. "Signs Your Pet's Skin Needs Veterinary Attention," (1/2025), The Vets, https://thevets.com/resources/pet-conditions/skin-issue-signs-in-pets/
2. “Why Is My Dog Constantly Licking, Biting, Itching and Scratching?" (2/2024), Vets Now, https://www.vets-now.com/pet-care-advice/dog-constantly-scratching/
3. “Dry Skin on Dogs: Signs, Symptoms, Treatments," Anna Burke (5/2024), American Kennel Club, https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/dry-skin-on-dogs/
4. “Hot Spots on Dogs: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment," (1/2025), The Vets, https://thevets.com/resources/pet-health-care/dog-hot-spots/
5. “Elizabethan Collars in Dogs," Courtney Barnes et al., (2023), VCA Animal Hospitals, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/elizabethan-collars-in-dogs
6. “Flea Allergy Dermatitis in Dogs and Cats," Michael W. Dryden (4/2021), Merck Veterinary Manual, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/integumentary-system/fleas-and-flea-allergy-dermatitis/flea-allergy-dermatitis-in-dogs-and-cats
7. “How to Get Rid of Dog Fleas," Harriet Meyers (3/2024), American Kennel Club, https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/how-to-get-rid-of-fleas/
8. “What to Know About Mange in Dogs," Shannon Cabell (4/2023), Zoetis, https://www.zoetispetcare.com/blog/article/about-mange-in-dogs
9. “Yeast Infections in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments," Abbie Mood (1/2024), CareCredit, https://www.carecredit.com/well-u/health-wellness/dog-yeast-infection/
10. “Pyoderma in Dogs: What You Need to Know," Gemma Johnstone (10/2023), American Kennel Club, https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/pyoderma-in-dogs/
11. “Ringworm in Dogs: Everything You Need to Know, From a Veterinarian," Lavanya Sunkara (6/2024), GoodRx, https://www.goodrx.com/pet-health/dog/ringworm-in-dogs
12. “How to Prevent Dry, Flaky Skin in Dogs," (12/2024), Vetster, https://vetster.com/en/wellness/how-to-prevent-dry-flaky-skin-in-dogs
13. “Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Dogs," Malcolm Weir and Robin Downing (2021), VCA Animal Hospitals, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/systemic-lupus-erythematosis-sle-in-dogs