You need to avoid the "quick" in the nail to avoid pain and bleeding. The nails have a blood vessel running in the center of the nail and, if the nail is trimmed too short you may cut the blood vessel.  A good way to see where it is safe to cut is by looking at the nail with a light behind it, especially with a dog with light colored nails. It is always best to have someone train you and demonstrate the correct method to avoid causing pain and injury to your dog. For a minimal cost as well, some people may choose just to leave it to the professionals.

The best thing to do is schedule an annual or bi-annual exam with your veterinarian. The exam should include a general blood panel to screen the health of internal organs, and a urinalysis or test of the urine. Additionally a check for internal parasites is important, an EKG or heart monitoring test, and possibly radiographs, based on your veterinarian's recommendation. Frequent exams are vital to detecting up problems early.

 

Of course you also want to change to a senior diet that has more of the essential vitamins and minerals, as well as more digestible protein. Do not over exercise an older pet. Maintaining normal to moderate exercise, just as with humans, is important. And of course, as a financial precaution – insuring your pet with pet health insurance while your pet is still healthy will help you prepare financially for the possible day when your pet could become ill or get injured.